SEMESTER – VI
PM6601 Mass Transfer II
EL6605 Process Dynamics and Control
PM6603 Equipment Design and Drawing-I
PC6606 Petroleum Crude Processing Technology
PM6604 Water Treatment and Management
PM6605 Instrumentation and Instrumental Analysis
PRACTICALS
PM6611 Mass Transfer Laboratory
PM6612 Petroleum Physical Properties Testing Laboratory
PC6712 Chemical Reaction Engineering Laboratory
PM6601 MASS TRANSFER Il
OBJECTIVE: Students will learn to design absorber and stripper, distillation column, extraction and leaching equipments and adsorber.
UNIT I ABSORPTION
Gas Absorption and Stripping – Equilibrium; material balance; limiting gas-liquid ratio; tray tower absorber - calculation of number of theoretical stages, tray efficiency, tower diameter; packed tower absorber – rate based approach; determination of height of packing using HTU and NTU calculations.
UNIT II DISTILLATION
Vapour liquid equilibria - Raoult’s law, vapor-liquid equilibrium diagrams for ideal and non-ideal systems, enthalpy concentration diagrams. Principle of distillation - flash distillation, differential distillation, steam distillation, multistage continuous rectification, Number of ideal stages by Mc.Cabe - Thiele method and Ponchan - Savarit method, Total reflux, minimum reflux ratio, optimum reflux ratio. Introduction to multi-component distillation, azeotropic and extractive distillation
UNIT III LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION
Liquid - liquid extraction - solvent characteristics-equilibrium stage wise contact calculations for batch and continuous extractors- differential contact equipment-spray, packed and mechanically agitated contactors and their design calculations-packed bed extraction with reflux. Pulsed extractors, centrifugal extractors-Supercritical extraction
UNIT IV LEACHING
Solid-liquid equilibria- leaching equipment for batch and continuous operations- calculation of number of stages - Leaching - Leaching by percolation through stationary solid beds, moving bed leaching, counter current multiple contact (shank’s system), equipments for leaching operation, multi stage continuous cross current and counter current leaching, stage calculations, stage efficiency.
UNIT V ADSORPTION AND ION EXCHANGE & MEMBRANE SEPARATION PROCESS
Adsorption - Types of adsorption, nature of adsorbents, adsorption equilibria, effect of pressure and temperature on adsorption isotherms, Adsorption operations - stage wise operations, steady state moving bed and unsteady state fixed bed adsorbers, break through curves. Principle of Ion exchange, techniques and applications. Solid and liquid membranes; concept of osmosis; reverse osmosis; electro dialysis; ultrafiltration.
OUTCOME: Students will learn to design absorber and stripper, distillation column, extraction and leaching equipments and adsorber
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wankat, P., “Equilibrium Stage Separations”, Prentice Hall, 1993.
2. Treybal, R.E., “Mass Transfer Operations “, 3rd Edn., McGraw-Hill, 1981.
3. Geankoplis, C.J., “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Seader, J.D. and E.J. Henley, “Separation Process Principles”, 2nd Ed., John Wiley,2006.
2. McCabe, W.L., Smith, J.C., and Harriot, P., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”, 7th Edn., McGraw-Hill, 2005.
3. King, C. J., “Separation Processes “, 2nd Edn.,Tata McGraw-Hill 1980.
EL6605 PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROL
OBJECTIVE: To introduce of open and closed loop systems and its responses, control loop components and stability of control systems along with instrumentation.
UNIT I INSTRUMENTATION
Principles of measurements and classification of process instruments, measurement of temperature, pressure, fluid flow, liquid weight and weight flow rate, viscosity, pH, concentration, electrical and thermal conductivity, humidity of gases.
UNIT II OPEN LOOP SYSTEMS
Laplace transformation and its application in process control. First order systems and their transient response for standard input functions, first order systems in series, linearization and its application in process control, second order systems and their dynamics; transportation lag.
UNIT III CLOSED LOOP SYSTEMS
Closed loop control systems, development of block diagram for feed-back control systems, servo and regulatory problems, transfer function for controllers and final control element, principles of pneumatic and electronic controllers, transient response of closed-loop control systems and their stability.
UNIT IV FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Introduction to frequency response of closed-loop systems, control system design by frequency response techniques, Bode diagram, stability criterion, tuning of controllers Z-N tuning rules, C-C tuning rules.
UNIT V ADVANCED CONTROL SYSTEMS
Introduction to advanced control systems, cascade control, feed forward control, Smith predictor, control of distillation towers and heat exchangers, introduction to computer control of chemical processes.
OUTCOME: Students will understand and discuss the importance of process control in process operation and the role of process control engineers They also Understand and design the modern hardware and instrumentation needed to implement process control.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Stephanopoulos, G., “Chemical Process Control“, Prentice Hall of India, 2003.
2. Coughnowr, D., “ Process Systems Analysis and Control “, 3rd Edn., McGraw Hill, New York, 2008.
REFERENCES:
1. Marlin, T. E., “ Process Control “, 2nd Edn, McGraw Hill, New York, 2000.
2. Smith, C. A. and Corripio, A. B., “Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control”, 2nd Edn., John Wiley, New York, 1997.
3. Jason L. Speyer, Walter H.Chung, ”Stochastic Processes, Estimation, and Control”,PHI Ltd (2013).
PM6602 EQUIPMENT DESIGN AND DRAWING-I
OBJECTIVE: To develop skill to design and install process equipments used widely in a chemical industry. All Tables/ Chemical Engineers’ Handbook/Data Books/Graph Sheets are permitted during the Examination.
UNIT I DESIGN OF PIPE FITTINGS AND JOINTS
Design and schematic of simple bolts and screws – Riveted joints – Design and drawing of shafts and couplings.
UNIT II DESIGN OF REACTION VESSEL AND STORAGE TANK
Design and schematic of storage tank, (vertical and horizontal) supports, agitated vessel.
UNIT III DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE SYSTEMS
Design of high pressure vessels and reactors.
UNIT IV DESIGN OF PHASE SEPARATION EQUIPMENT
Design of physical separation equipments such as cyclones, centrifuges, thickeners,filtration equipment
UNIT V DRAWING OF HEAT EXCHANGERS AND COLUMNS
Drawing of physical process equipments such as double pipe heat exchangers – Shell and tube heat exchangers – Plate and frame heat exchangers – Distillation columns and reactors.
OUTCOME: Students skill to design and install process equipments used widely in a chemical industry.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. R.S. Khurmi, “Textbook of Machine design”. S. Chand & Company , XXV Edition , 2005.
2. M.V. Joshi and V.V. Mahajan, “Design of Process Equipment Design”, McMillan India III Edition 1994.
REFERENCES:
1. S.D. Dawande, “Process Design of Equipments”, Central Techno Publications, Nagpur, 2000.
2. Indian Standard Specifications IS-803, 1962; IS-4072, 1967; IS-2825, 1969. Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi.
3. R.H. Perry, “Chemical Engineers’ Handbook”, McGraw-Hill.
4. W.L. McCabe, J.C. Smith and P. Harriot, “Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering”, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
5. Robert Treybal, “Mass Transfer Operations”, McGraw-Hill.
6. J.M. Coulson and J.Richardson, “Chemical Engineering”, Vol. 6, Asian Books Printers Ltd.
7. Suresh C.Maidargi ,”Chemical Process Equipment Design & Drawing,Vol 1,PHI Learning Ltd (2012).
PC6606 PETROLEUM CRUDE PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: To learn the testing of petroleum products, crude processing and treatment techniques
UNIT I GENERAL
Origin – Exploration and production of petroleum – Types of crudes, crude composition –Characteristics and classification – Crude oil properties – Indigenous and imported crudes – Crude availability Vs demands.
UNIT II TESTING OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
IS 1448: Standard – Testing of Petroleum crude – Products: Specifications and their Significance.
UNIT III CRUDE PROCESSING
Pretreatment of crude for Refining – Dehydration and desalting – Atmospheric distillation, Vacuum distillation of residue products – Types of trays, flow pattern in the trays – Reflux types and its significance.
UNIT IV LUBE DISTILLATE TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Treatment techniques for vacuum distillates with different processes like solvent extraction – Deasphalting, dewaxing, hydrofining, catalytic dewaxing and clay contact process – Production of lubricating oils.
UNIT V BITUMEN PROCESSING and FINAL TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
Asphalt manufacture, Air blowing technology, Bitumen Types and their properties, Acid gas removal and sulphur removal techniques.
OUTCOME: Students able to understand the principles of crude processing and various treatment techniques.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ram Prasad, “Petroleum Refining Technology”, Khanna Publishers. .
2. Bhaskara Rao, B.K., “Modern Petroleum Refining Processes”, 3rd edition, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Pvt. Ltd.
REFERENCES:
1. James H. Gary and Glenn E. Handwerk., “Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics”, 4th Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc., 2001.
2. Nelson, W.L., “Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, 1985.
3. Hobson, G.D., “Modern Petroleum Refining Technology “, 5th Edition, John Wiley Publishers, 1984
PM6603 WATER TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3 OBJECTIVE: To focus on the wastewater transport system and the theory and design technique for the wastewater treatment process.
UNIT I INTERNAL TREATMENT PROCESS
Character and properties – Water problem and solution – Water Sedimentation - Coagulation – Filtration – Disinfection – Theory, necessity, process, equipment, application, location, limitation.
UNIT II EXTERNAL TREATMENT PROCESS
Softening by Ion – exchange process, Demineralization – Cation exchange materials – Removal of ion, Manganese, odour, colour taste – Deaeration – Oxidation – Fluoridation – Dealkalisation – Desalination by Reverse osmosis.
UNIT III BOILER WATER AND COOLING WATER
Concept – Importance – Location – Commonly used desalination process – Distillation – Electrodialysis – Reverse osmosis – Freezing – Solar distillation- Purpose – Problem associated with water quality and equipment – Steam system fundamentals – Hot water closed system – Measurement and control of pH, corrosion, fouling – Microbial analysis – Ozone control – Study of microorganism – Energy efficient operations and maintenance.
UNIT IV WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Waste water in Industry- Home and Agriculture – Various waste water treatment processes –Optimization – Benefits and costs – Microbial and sanitation water treatment – Biofilm formation and removal – Microbial trend analysis – Pretreatment system and equipment.
UNIT V WATER MANAGEMENT IN INDIA
Water resources and planning – Water policy – Indian scene – Main aspects of water management – Hydrological cycle – Hydrosphere – Water transport – Water exchange – Causes and problems in irrigation, rural water, urban water – Water conservation resource management – Rain Harvesting.
OUTCOME: The students would have learnt the physical/chemical/biological characteristics and evaluation technique for sewage. They would understand the theory, engineering application, and design technique for the wastewater treatment unit process
TEXT BOOKS:
1. P.C.Bansil “Water Management in India”, Concept Publishing company, New Delhi, First Edition, 2004.
2. G.S.Bridie and J.S.Bridie “Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering”, Dhanpat Raj Publishing company (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 7th Edition, 2003.
REFERENCES:
1. Austin G.T., “Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries”, Fifth Edition, McGraw Hill, 1998.
2. S.C. Rangwala, “Water supply and Sanitary Engineering”, Eighteenth Edition,Charotar Publishing House, 2003.
3. Pandey G.N., “Text Book of Chemical Technology”, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1992
PM6604 INSTRUMENTATION AND INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVE: To understand the working principles of different instruments, and its applications.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUMENTS, CHARACTERISTICS AND SIGNAL CONDITIONING
Introduction to Instruments and Their representation: Introduction, Elements, Classification, Standards, Calibration procedures Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments, Specification of static characteristics, Selection of instruments, Forcing functions, Formulation of First order and second order system equations, Dynamic response Principals of Analog signal conditioning, converters, guidelines for analog signal conditioning design , Principles of digital signal conditioning, computer interface, DACs, ADCs, DAS hardware, DAS software, characteristics of digital data
UNIT II TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE, LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
Temperature measurement: Temperature scales, Non electrical methods, Electrical methods, Radiation methods Pressure measurement: Moderate pressure measurement, High pressure measurement, vacuum measurement Level measurement: measurement techniques for Liquids and slurries, advance measurement techniques
UNIT III FLOW MEASUREMENTS AND STUDY OF VALVES
Flow measurement: Introduction, Review of Venturimeter, orifice meters, rotameters, Pitot tube, working of turbine, vortex shedding, electromagnetic flow meters Introduction to Advanced flow measurement techniques: Hot Wire anemometer, Laser Doppler anemometer, Ultrasound, Particle image Velocimetry Study of Valves: Types of Valves, Actuators, Positioners, Valve characteristics, Controllability and Rangeability, Cavitation, Flashing, choking, Valve Sizing for incompressible fluids, compressible fluids, Two phase flows
UNIT IV INTRODUCTION TO QUALITY CONTROL AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES
Need for Chemical analysis in Petroleum industry. Crude Assay. Standard Test Methods. Introduction to principles of Analytical techniques: Spectroscopic Techniques, Chromatographic techniques, Crystallography, electrochemical analysis, thermal analysis, electrophoresis, calorimetery, Hybrid techniques Miscellaneous measurements and analysis: density, viscosity, Refractormeter, pH and redox potential measurements. Thermal conductivity gas analyzers. Oxygen determination. Orsat analysis
UNIT V WORKING AND INTERPRETATION OF INSTRUMENTAL ANALYTICAL METHODS : I
Spectroscopic techniques: Atomic Absorption, X-ray, inductively coupled argon plasma (ICAP), ultraviolet – visible (UV-VIS), fluorescence, infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS),nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Chromatographic Techniques: gas chromatography (GC), high pressure liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatograpghy (GPC) , thin layer chromatograpghy (TLC), super criticle fluid chromatography (SFC) Classification of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for Analysis of fuels Working and Interpretation of Instrumental analytical methods: II Lubricant Analysis: constituents of lubricants, characterization of lubricants by analytical techniques, importance of elemental analysis in lubricants
OUTCOME: Students gain an knowledge about the Qualitative and quantitative instrument analysis of different materials.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Eckman, D. P.; Industrial Instrumentation; Wiley Eastern, 1991.
2. Johnson, C.; Process Control Instrumentation Technology; 4th ed., Prentice-Hall International.
3. Liptak, B. G., Venczel, K.; Instrument Engineer’s Handbook, Process Measurement; Chiltan Book Company
REFERENCES:
1. Nakra, B. C.; Chaudhary K. K.; Instrumentation Measurement and Analysis; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1998.
2. Patranabis, D.; Principles of Industrial Instrumentation; Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi, 1996.
3. Silverstein, Bassler, Morrill; Spectrometric Identification of Organic Compounds; John Wiley Publication, 1991.
4. Gary J.H. and Handework G.E., “Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics”, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1984.
PM6611 MASS TRANSFER LABORATORY
OBJECTIVE: Students develop a sound working knowledge on different types of mass transfer equipments.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Separation of binary mixture using Simple distillation
2. Separation of binary mixture using Steam distillation
3. Separation of binary mixture using Packed column distillation
4. Measurement of diffusivity
5. Liquid-liquid extraction
6. Drying characteristics of Vacuum Dryer
7. Drying characteristics of Tray dryer
8. Drying characteristics of Rotary dryer
9. Water purification using ion exchange columns
10. Mass transfer characteristics of Rotating disc contactor
11. Estimation of mass/heat transfer coefficient for cooling tower
12. Demonstration of Gas – Liquid absorption
OUTCOME: Students will impart knowledge on the determination of important data for the design and operation of the process equipment’s like distillation, extraction, diffusivity, drying principles which are having wide applications in various industries
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Simple distillation setup
2.Steam distillation setup
3.Packed column
4.Liquid-liquid extractor
5.Vacuum Dryer
6. Tray dryer
7.Rotary dryer
8.Ion exchange column
9. Rotating disc contactor
10. Cooling tower
11. Absorption column
Minimum 10 experiments shall be offered.
PM6612 PETROLEUM PHYSICAL PROPERTIES TESTING LABORATORY
OBJECTIVE: Students learn the determination of flash point, cloud point, smoke point, viscosity etc.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1) Determination of flash point using Abel’s Flash Point Apparatus.
2) Determination of flash point using Pensky Marten Flash Point Apparatus.
3) Determination of viscosity using Red Wood Viscometer
4) Determination of viscosity using Engler Viscometer.
5) Determination of viscosity using Saybolt Viscometer.
6) Determination of Cloud and Pour Point
7) Determination of Smoke Point
8) Penetration Test
9) Copper Strip Corrosion Test
10) Junker’s Gas Calorimeter
OUTCOME: Students gain the practical knowledge on different petroleum testing methods
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Abel’s Flash Point Apparatus
2. Pensky Marten Flash Point Apparatus.
3. Pensky Marten Flash Point Apparatus
4. Red Wood Viscometer 5. Engler Viscometer.
6. Saybolt Viscometer.
7. Junker’s Gas Calorimeter
PC6712 CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING LABORATORY
OBJECTIVE: To gain knowledge in the design of reactors.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Kinetic studies in a Batch reactor
2. Kinetic studies in a Plug flow reactor
3. Kinetic studies in a CSTR
4. Kinetic studies in a Packed bed reactor
5. Kinetic studies in a PFR followed by a CSTR
6. RTD studies in a PFR
7. RTD studies in a Packed bed reactor
8. RTD studies in a CSTR
9. Studies on micellar catalysis
10. Study of temperature dependence of rate constant using CSTR.
11. Kinetic studies in Sono chemical reactor
12. Batch reactive distillation
13. Kinetics of photochemical reaction
14. Demonstration of heterogeneous catalytic reaction
15. Demonstration of gas-liquid reaction
OUTCOME: Students develop a sound working knowledge on different types of reactors.
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Batch Reactor
2. Plug flow reactor
3. CSTR
4. Sono-chemical reactor
5. Photochemical reactor
6. Packed bed reactor
Minimum 10 experiments shall be offered.
