SEMESTER – IV
CE6402 Strength of Materials
PM6401 Fluid Mechanics
PC6501 Heat Transfer
MA6459 Numerical Methods
PC6301 Industrial Chemical Technology
PC6402 Engineering Thermodynamics
PRACTICALS
CH6312 Physical Chemistry Laboratory
CH6512 Mechanical Operations Laboratory
PM6411 Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
CE6402 STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
OBJECTIVES: To know the method of finding slope and deflection of beams and trusses using energy theorems and to know the concept of analysing indeterminate beam To estimate the load carrying capacity of columns, stresses due to unsymmetrical bending and various theories for failure of material.
UNIT I ENERGY PRINCIPLES
Strain energy and strain energy density – strain energy due to axial load, shear, flexure and torsion – Castigliano’s theorems – Maxwell’s reciprocal theorems - Principle of virtual work – application of energy theorems for computing deflections in beams and trusses - Williot Mohr's Diagram.
UNIT II INDETERMINATE BEAMS
Concept of Analysis - Propped cantilever and fixed beams-fixed end moments and reactions – Theorem of three moments – analysis of continuous beams – shear force and bending moment diagrams.
UNIT III COLUMNS AND CYLINDER
Euler’s theory of long columns – critical loads for prismatic columns with different end conditions; Rankine-Gordon formula for eccentrically loaded columns – Eccentrically loaded short columns – middle third rule – core section – Thick cylinders – Compound cylinders.
UNIT IV STATE OF STRESS IN THREE DIMENSIONS
Determination of principal stresses and principal planes – Volumetric strain –Theories of failure – Principal stress - Principal strain – shear stress – Strain energy and distortion energy theories – application in analysis of stress, load carrying capacity.
UNIT V ADVANCED TOPICS IN BENDING OF BEAMS
Unsymmetrical bending of beams of symmetrical and unsymmetrical sections – Shear Centre - curved beams – Winkler Bach formula.
OUTCOMES: students will have through knowledge in analysis of indeterminate beams and use of energy method for estimating the slope and deflections of beams and trusses. they will be in a position to assess the behaviour of columns, beams and failure of materials.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Rajput R.K. "Strength of Materials (Mechanics of Solids)", S.Chand & company Ltd., New Delhi, 2010.
2. Egor P Popov, “Engineering Mechanics of Solids”, 2nd edition, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2012
REFERENCES:
1. Kazimi S.M.A, “Solid Mechanics”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2003
2. William A .Nash, “Theory and Problems of Strength of Materials”, Schaum’s Outline Series, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing company ,2007.
3. Punmia B.C."Theory of Structures" (SMTS) Vol 1&II, Laxmi Publishing Pvt Ltd, New Delhi 2004.
4. Rattan.S.S., "Strength of Materials", Tata McGraw Hill Education Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 2011.
PM6401 FLUID MECHANICS
OBJECTIVE: To impart to the student knowledge on fluid properties, fluid statics, dynamic characteristics for through pipes and porous medium, flow measurement and fluid machineries
UNIT I PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS AND CONCEPT OF PRESSURE
Introduction – Physical properties of fluids – Types of fluids – Fluid statics and its applications - Pressure – Density – Height relationships – Pressure measurement – Units and dimensions – Dimensional analysis – Dimensionless numbers.
UNIT II MOMEMTUM BALANCE AND ITS APPLICATIONS
Kinematics of fluid flow – Stream line – Stream tube – Velocity potential – Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids – Time dependent fluids – Reynolds number experiment and significance –Continuity Equation – Momentum balance – Potential flow – Bernoulli's equation – Correction for fluid friction – Correction for pump work.
UNIT III FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS THROUGH DUCTS
Flow of incompressible fluids in pipes – Laminar and turbulent flow through closed conduits –Velocity profile and friction factor for smooth and rough pipes – Heat loss due to friction in pipes and Fittings – Introduction to compressible flow – Isentropic flow through convergent and divergent nozzles and sonic velocity.
UNIT IV FLOW OF FLUIDS THROUGH SOLIDS
Form drag – Skin drag – Drag co-efficient – Flow around solids and packed beds – Friction factor for packed beds – Ergun's Equation – Motion of particles through fluids – Motion under gravitational and centrifugal fields – Terminal settling velocity – Fluidization – Mechanism – Types – General properties – Applications.
UNIT V TRANSPORTATION AND METERING
Measurement of fluid flow – Orifice meter – Venturi meter – Pitot tube – Rotameter– Weirs and notches – Hot wire anemometers – Transportation of fluids – Positive displacement pumps – Rotary and Reciprocating pumps – Centrifugal pumps –Performance and characteristics – Air lift and diaphragm pumps.
OUTCOME: To develop a student’s skills in analyzing fluid flows through the proper use of modeling and the application of the basic fluid-flow principles.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. McCabe, W.L., Smith, J.C. and Harriott, P., "Unit operations of Chemical Engineering", Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2004.
2. Coulson, J.M., and Richardson, J.F., "Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering", Vol. I, 3rd Edition, Butterworth Heinemann Publishers, 2004. REFERENCES:
1. Bansal, R.K., “Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic machines”, Laxmi Publications (P) Ltd., 1995.
2. Nevers, N.D., "Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers", McGraw-Hill, 1991.
3. De Nevers, L., “Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers”, McGraw-Hill, 1994.
PC6501 HEAT TRANSFER
OBJECTIVE: To learn heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation and heat transfer equipments like evaporator and heat exchanger
UNIT I CONDUCTION
Modes of heat transfer – Steady and unsteady state heat transfer – Concept of heat conduction – Fourier’s law of heat conduction – General heat conduction equation in spherical coordinates – One-dimensional steady state heat conduction equation for flat plate, hollow cylinder, hollow sphere –Analogy between flow of heat and flow of electricity – Effect of temperature on thermal conductivity – Critical insulation thickness– Transient heat conduction – Lumped heat parameter model.
UNIT II CONVECTION
Concept of heat transfer by convection – Natural and forced convection – Concept of LMTD – Local and overall heat transfer coefficient – Application of dimension alanalysis for convection – Empirical Equations for forced convection under laminar, transient and turbulent conditions – Empirical equations for natural convection –Influence of boundary layer on heat transfer – Heat transfer through packed and fluidized beds – Heat transfer with phase change: boiling, vaporization and condensation.
UNIT III RADIATION
Concept of thermal radiations – Black body concept – Stefan Boltzman’s law –Emissive power – Black body radiation – Emissivity – Planck’s law – Radiation between black surfaces – Gray surfaces – Radiation shields – Radiation applications– Pipe still heaters.
UNIT IV HEAT EXCHANGERS
Heat exchanger types – Parallel and counter flow heat exchangers – Overall heat transfer coefficient – Log mean temperature difference for single pass – Correction factor for multi pass heat exchangers – Heat exchanger effectiveness – Number of transfer units – Chart for different configurations – Dirt factor.
UNIT V EVAPORATORS
Evaporation – Single effect and multiple effect evaporation – Boiling point elevation –Effect of liquid head – Capacity and economy of multiple effect evaporators –Evaporation equipments.
OUTCOME: Students gain knowledge in various heat transfer methodology in process engineering and to design heat transfer equipments such as furnace, boilers, heat exchangers evaporation
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Kumar, D.S., “Heat and Mass Transfer”, 5th Edition, S.K. Kataria and Sons, 2000.
2. McCabe,W.L. and Smith, J.C., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering", 5th Edition. McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 2001.
REFERENCES:
1. Kern, D.Q., “Process Heat Transfer", Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., 1990.
2. Hollman, “Heat Transfer”, 8th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1997. 3. Kreith, F., “Principles of Heat Transfer”, 4th Edition, Harper and Row, 1976.
MA6459 NUMERICAL METHODS
OBJECTIVE: This course aims at providing the necessary basic concepts of a few numerical methods and give procedures for solving numerically different kinds of problems occurring in Engineering and Technology.
UNIT I SOLUTION OF EQUATIONS AND EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS
Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations - Fixed point iteration method – Newton-Raphson method- Solution of linear system of equations - Gauss elimination method – Pivoting - Gauss-Jordan methods – Iterative methods of Gauss-Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel - Matrix Inversion by Gauss-Jordan method - Eigenvalues of a matrix by Power method.
UNIT II INTERPOLATION AND APPROXIMATION
Interpolation with unequal intervals - Lagrange interpolation – Newton’s divided difference interpolation – Cubic Splines - Interpolation with equal intervals - Newton’s forward and backward difference formulae.
UNIT III NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION
Approximation of derivatives using interpolation polynomials - Numerical integration using Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3 rule – Romberg’s method - Two point and three point Gaussian quadrature formulae – Evaluation of double integrals by Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rules.
UNIT IV INITIAL VALUE PROBLEMS FOR ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Single step-methods - Taylor’s series method - Euler’s method - Modified Euler’s method - Fourth order Runge-Kutta method for solving first order equations - Multi-step methods - Milne’s and Adams-Bashforth predictor-corrector methods for solving first order equations.
UNIT V BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS IN ORDINARY AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Finite difference methods for solving two-point linear boundary value problems - Finite difference techniques for the solution of two dimensional Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations on rectangular domain – One-dimensional heat-flow equation by explicit and implicit (Crank Nicholson) methods – One-dimensional wave equation by explicit method.
OUTCOME: It helps the students to have a clear perception of the power of numerical techniques, ideas and would be able to demonstrate the applications of these techniques to problems drawn from industry, management and other engineering fields.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Grewal, B.S. and Grewal,J.S., “Numerical methods in Engineering and Science”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 9th Edition, 2007.
2. Sankara Rao, K., “Numerical methods for Scientists and Engineers’, Prentice Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi, 3rd Edition, 2007.
REFERENCES:
1. Chapra, S. C., and Canale, R. P., “Numerical Methods for Engineers”, Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi, 5th Edition, 2007.
2. Gerald, C. F., and Wheatley, P. O., “Applied Numerical Analysis”, Pearson Education, Asia, New Delhi, 6th Edition, 2006.
3. Brian Bradie, “A friendly introduction to Numerical analysis”, Pearson Education, Asia, New Delhi, 2007.
PC6301 INDUSTRIAL CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: To gain Knowledge on various aspects of production engineering and understand the practical methods of production in a chemical factory.
UNIT I SULFUR, SULFURIC ACID AND CEMENT
Sulfur, Raw materials Sources, Mining and production of Sulfur – Sulfuric acid, Methods of production of Sulfuric acid – Contact process – Chamber process. Cement – properties of Cement – Methods of production – Overall factors for Cement industry.
UNIT II FERTILIZER INDUSTRY, FUEL AND INDUSTRIAL GASES
Major Components of Fertilizer industries – Nitrogen industries, ammonia, nitric acid, urea – Phosphorus industries - Phosphorus, Phosphoric acid, Super Phosphate – Potassium chloride, Potassium Sulphate – Fuel Gases – Producer gas, Water gas, Coke oven gas, Natural gas, Liquefied natural gas – Industrial gases – Carbon dioxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen.
UNIT III PULP, PAPER, SUGAR AND STARCH INDUSTRIES
Pulp – Methods of production – Comparison of pulping processes. Paper – types of paper products, Raw materials, Methods of production. Sugar – Methods of production – by products of the Sugar industry – Starch – Methods of production, Starch derivations.
UNIT IV PETROLEUM AND PETRO CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Petroleum – Chemical Composition, Classification of crude petroleum, Petroleum Refinery products – Petroleum Conversion processes – Pyrolysis and Cracking, Reforming Polymerization, isomerization and Alkylation – petrochemicals – methanol, chloro methanol, Acetylene and ethylene, Isopropanol, Acrylonitrile, Buta diane – Chemicals from Aromatics - Benzene, Toluene and Xylene.
UNIT V RUBBERS, POLYMERS AND SYNTHETIC FIBRE
Natural and Synthetic rubber, SBR – Silicone rubber – polymer – physical – chemical structure of polymers, Thermosetting and Thermoplastic materials - Polymer manufacturing processes – polyethylene, polystyrene – Resins phenolic and epoxy resins – Synthetic Fibers – Viscose rayon, Polyamides and polyesters.
OUTCOME: Student can classify the chemical process industry into industrial categories of base, intermediate end-products and specialty chemicals manufacturers.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Dryden, C.E, Outlines of Chemical technology, II Ed., Affiliate East West press, 2003.
2. Moulin, J.A., M. Makkee, and Diepen, A.V., Chemical Process Technology, Wiley, 2001.
REFERENCES:
1. Austin, G.T., Shreve’s “Chemical Process Industries”, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 1998
2. Srikumar Koyikkal,”Chemical Process Technology and Simulation”,PHI Learning Ltd (2013).
PC6402 ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS
OBJECTIVE: Students will learn PVT behaviour of fluids, laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic property relations and their application to fluid flow, power generation and refrigeration processes.
UNIT I ZEROTH AND FIRST LAWS, PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCES
Definitions and Concepts. Property, Thermodynamic State. Equilibrium, Energy, Work. Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics, Temperature Scale. Pure substance, Phase, Simple compressible substance, Ideal gas Equation of State, Law of corresponding states, Compressibility chart, Pressure –Volume and Temperature-volume Phase diagrams. Mollier diagram. First Law of Thermodynamics and its consequences.
UNIT II APPLICATION OF I LAW TO STEADY - STATE PROCESSES, II LAW
Application of I Law of Thermodynamics for Flow Process. Steady-state processes. II Law of Thermodynamics and its Applications: Limitations of the I Law of Thermodynamics, Heat Engine, Heat Pump/Refrigerator II Law of Thermodynamics – Kelvin Planck and Clausius statements. Reversible and irreversible processes,Criterion of reversibility, Carnot cycle and Carnot principles, Thermodynamic Temperature scale, Clausius inequality, Entropy.
UNIT III POWER CYCLES, THERMODYNAMIC POTENTIALS, EQUILIBRIA AND STABILITY
Power and Refrigeration Cycles. Thermodynamic Potentials. Maxwell relations. Thermodynamic relations. Equilibria and stability. Maxwell construction, Gibbs Phase Rule. Clapeyron equation and vapor pressure correlations.
UNIT IV PROPERTIES OF PURE COMPONENTS AND MIXTURES
Pure component properties: Equation of state. Ideal gas heat capacities, fundamental equations from experimental data, fugacity and corresponding states. Mixture Properties: Mixing function. Gibbs-Duhem relation for mixtures, partial molar quantities. Ideal gas mixtures and fugacities, ideal mixtures and activities, excess functions. Gibbs free energy models, infinite dilution properties. Henry’s Law
UNIT V PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA
Phase Equilibira of Mixtures. Osmotic pressure and Osmotic coefficients. Boiling point elevation and freezing point depression. Chemical Reaction Equilibria. Reaction extent and Independent reactions. Equilibrium criteria and equilibrium constant. Standard enthalpies and Gibbs free energy, temperature and pressure effects on reactions, heterogeneous reaction, multiple chemical reactions
OUTCOME: Understand the terminology associated with engineering thermodynamics. Understand the concepts of heat, work and energy conversion, and can calculate heat and work quantities for industrial processes.
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sonntag, Borgnakke, Van Wylen, Fundamentals of Thermodynamics, 7th Edition, Wiley India, New Delhi, 2009.
2. Smith, van Ness and Abbott, “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill, New York, 2005
REFERENCES:
1. S. I. Sandler, Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering Thermodynamics, Wiley New York, 2006
2. Y V C Rao, “Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, Universities Press, Hyderabad 2005.
3. Pradeep ahuja,” Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, PHI Learning Ltd (2009).
4. Gopinath Halder,” Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, PHI Learning Ltd (2009).
CH6312 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY (Any Ten experiments)
OBJECTIVE: To improve the practical knowledge on the properties and characteristics of solvents and mixtures.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Partition coefficient of iodine between two immiscible solvents,
2. Equilibrium constant of KI + I2 KI3
3. Phase diagram of binary system
4. Solubility curve for a ternary system
5. Verification of Ostwald dilution law
6. Galvanostatic / Potentiostatic polarisation measurements
8. Impedence measurements
9. Adsorption isotherm
10. Heat of solution
11. Determination of acid value in the given oils
12. Molecular weight determination
OUTCOME: The student is able to determine the properties and characteristics of solvents and mixtures.
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Micro Calorimeter
2. Beckman Thermometers. Glasswares,
3. Thermometers 0 to 110 – 0°. Bottle Shakers .pH meters
4. Pressure Glass bottles. Standard Cells. Multimeters
5. Viscometers-Ostwald Cannan Ubbelholde. Voltage Stabiliser
6. Stalalmometer
7. Surface Tension Meter .Tape Heaters
8. Mantle Heaters
9. DC Power Supply. Thermostat. Cyrostats
REFERENCE:
1. Physical Chemistry experiments by Alexander Findley, McGraw-Hill IV Edition, (1976).
CH6512 MECHANICAL OPERATIONS LABORATORY
AIM
To impart knowledge on mechanical operations by practice
OBJECTIVE: Students develop a sound working knowledge on different types of crushing equipments and separation characteristics of different mechanical operation separators.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Sieve analysis
2. Batch filtration studies using a Leaf filter
3. Batch filtration studies using a Plate and Frame Filter press
4. Characteristics of batch Sedimentation
5. Reduction ratio in Jaw Crusher
6. Reduction ratio in Ball mill
7. Separation characteristics of Cyclone separator
8. Reduction ratio of Roll Crusher
9. Separation characteristics of Elutriator
10. Reduction ratio of Drop weight crusher
11. Size separation using Sub-Sieving
OUTCOME: Student’s gain the practical knowledge and hands on various separation techniques like filtration, sedimentation, screening, elutriation, centrifugation principles which is having wide applications in various industries
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Sieve shaker
2. Leaf filter
3. Plate and Frame Filter Press
4. Sedimentation Jar
5. Jaw Crusher
6. Ball Mill
7. Cyclone Separator
8. Roll Crusher
9. Elutriator
10. Drop Weight Crusher
PM6411 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORY
OBJECTIVE: To learn experimentally to calibrate flow meters, find pressure loss for fluid flows and determine pump characteristics.
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Viscosity measurement of non Newtonian fluids
2. Calibration of constant and variable head meters
3. Calibration of weirs and notches
4. Open drum orifice and draining time
5. Flow through straight pipe
6. Flow through annular pipe
7. Flow through helical coil and spiral coil
8. Losses in pipe fittings and valves
9. Characteristic curves of pumps
10. Pressure drop studies in packed column
11. Hydrodynamics of fluidized bed
12. Drag coefficient of solid particle
OUTCOME: Practical knowledge on the measurement of fluid Flow and their characteristics at different operating conditions.
LIST OF EQUIPMENT FOR BATCH OF 30 STUDENTS
1. Viscometer
2. Venturi meter
3. Orifice meter
4. Rotameter
5. Weir
6. Open drum with orifice
7. Pipes and fittings
8. Helical and spiral coils
9. Centrifugal pump
10. Packed column
11. Fluidized bed
