SEMESTER – VIII
List of electives
CH6002 Fluidization Engineering
PC6005 Energy Management in Chemical Industries
PC6004 Novel Separation Process
PC6006 Multicomponent Distillation
PC6008 Polymer Technology
CH6002 FLUIDIZATION ENGINEERING
OBJECTIVE: To learn the design Aspects of Heat and mass transfer in fluidized beds.
UNIT I BASICS OF FLUIDIZATION
Packed bed – Velocity – Pressure drop relations – Correlations of Ergun, Kozneykarman – On set of fluidization – Properties of fluidized beds – Development of fluidization from fixed bed.
UNIT II FLUIDIZED BED TYPES
Minimum fluidization conditions – Expanded bed – Elutriation – Moving solids and dilute phase – spouted bed.
UNIT III DESIGN ASPECTS
Channeling – Bed expansion in liquid – Solid and gas – Solid fluidizations. Design aspects of fluidized bed systems.
UNIT IV HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN FLUIDIZED BEDS
Heat and mass transfer in fluidized bed systems – Industrial applications and case studies of fluidized bed systems.
UNIT V OTHER TYPES OF FLUIDIZATION
Single stage and multistage fluidization – Collection of fines – Use of cyclones.
OUTCOME: Students gain the knowledge on fluidization phenomenon, behavior of fluidized beds and its industrial applications.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Levenspiel, “Fluidization Engineering”, 2nd Edition, Butterworth – Heinmann, 1991. 2. Robert H. Perry and Don W. Green, “Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Hand Book”, 7th Edition, Mc Graw Hill – International, 1997. REFERENCES: 1. Rowe and Davidson, “Fluidization”, Academic Press ,1971. 2. Leva, M., “Fluidization”, McGraw Hill Book Co, 1959. 3. Wen-Ching Yang., “Handbook of Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems”, Marcel Dekker Inc, 2003.
PC6005 ENERGY MANAGEMENT IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
OBJECTIVE: To understand the interaction between different parts of the energy system
UNIT I ENERGY RESOURCES – A GLOBAL VIEW
Energy sources – Coal oil, natural gas – Nuclear energy – Hydro electricity – Other fossil fuels – Geothermal – Supply and demand – Depletion of resources of resources – Need for conservation – Uncertainties – National and international issues.
UNIT II ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT
Energy – Various forms – Energy storage – Structural properties of environment – Biogeo – chemical cycles – Society and environment population and technology.
UNIT III MANAGEMENT OF ENERGY CONSERVATION IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
Chemical industries – Classification – Conservation in unit operation such as separation – Cooling tower – Drying – Conservation applied to refineries, petrochemical, fertilizers, cement, pulp and paper, food industries – Chloroalkali industries – Conservation using optimization techniques.
UNIT IV ENERGY ALTERNATIVES
Sources of continuous power – Wind and water – Geothermal – Tidal and solar power – MHD, fuel cells – Hydrogen as fuel.
UNIT V ECONOMIC BALANCE IN ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Cost analysis – Capacity – Production rate – System rate – System cost analysis – Corporate models – Production analysis and production using fuel inventories – Input output analysis – Economics – Tariffs.
OUTCOME: Students have the ability to apply the fundamentals of energy conversion and applications.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Krentz, J. H., “Energy Conservation and Utilisation”, Allyn and Bacur Inc., 1976. 2. Gramlay, G. M., “Energy”, Macmillon Publishing Co., 1975. REFERENCES: 1. Rused C.K., “Elements of Energy Conservation”, McGraw – Hill Book Co., 1985. 2. Judson King; “Separation Processes”, McGraw – Hill Book Co., 1985. 3. Samir Sarkar, “Fuels and Combustion”, 2nd Edition, Orient Longman Publication, 1988.
PC6004 NOVEL SEPARATION PROCESS
OBJECTIVE : To learn the principle and technical concept of advanced separation processes. UNIT I BASICS OF SEPARATION PROCESS
Review of Conventional Processes, Recent advances in Separation Techniques based on size, surface properties, ionic properties and other special characteristics of substances,Process concept, Theory and Equipment used in cross flow Filtration, cross flow Electro Filtration, Surface based solid – liquid separations involving a second liquid.
UNIT II MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
Types and choice of Membranes, Plate and Frame, tubular, spiral wound and hollow fiber Membrane Reactors and their relative merits, commercial, Pilot Plant and Laboratory Membrane permeators involving Dialysis, Reverse Osmosis, Nanofiltration, Ultra filtration and Micro filtration, Ceramic- Hybrid process and Biological Membranes.
UNIT III SEPARATION BY ADSORPTION
Types and choice of Adsorbents, Adsorption Techniques, Dehumidification Techniques, Affinity Chromatography and Immuno Chromatography, Recent Trends in Adsorption.
UNIT IV INORGANIC SEPARATIONS
Controlling factors, Applications, Types of Equipment employed for Electrophoresis, Dielectrophoresis, Ion Exchange Chromatography and Eletrodialysis, EDR, Bipolar Membranes.
UNIT V OTHER TECHNIQUES
Separation involving Lyophilisation, Pervaporation and Permeation Techniques for solids, liquids and gases, zone melting, Adductive Crystallization, other Separation Processes, Supercritical fluid Extraction, Oil spill Management, Industrial Effluent Treatment by Modern Techniques
OUTCOME: Fully understand key concepts of separation processes including equilibrium stages, reflux, countercurrent contacting, limiting cases, efficiency and mass transport effects.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Schoen, H.M., “New Chemical Engineering Separation Techniques”, Interscience Publishers,1972. 2. Treybal, R.E., “Mass Transfer Operations”, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co., 1980. REFERENCES: 1. King, C. J., “Separation Processes”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1982. 2. Roussel, R. W., “Handbook of Separation Process Technology”, John Wiley, New York, 1987 3. Nakagawal, O. V., “Membrane Science and Technology”’ Marcel Dekkar, 1992.
PC6006 MULTICOMPONENT DISTILLATION
OBJECTIVE: To understand the concepts of Multicomponent distillation systems. UNIT I THERMODYNAMIC PRINCIPLES
Fundamental Thermodynamic principles involved in the calculation of vapor – liquid equilibria and enthalpies of multi component mixtures – Use of multiple equation of state for the calculation of K values – Estimation of the fugacity coefficients for the vapor phase of polar gas mixtures – calculation of liquid – phase activity coefficients.
UNIT II THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTY EVALUATION
Fundamental principles involved in the separation of multi component mixtures – Determination of bubble-point and Dew Point Temperatures for multi component mixtures – equilibrium flash distillation calculations for multi component mixtures – separation of multi component mixtures at total reflux.
UNIT III MINIMUM REFLUX RATIO FOR MCD SYSTEM
General considerations in the design of columns – Column sequencing – Heuristics for column sequencing – Key components – Distributed components – Non-Distributed components – Adjacent keys. Definition of minimum reflux ratio – calculation of Rm for multi component distillation – Underwood method – Colburn method.
UNIT IV VARIOUS METHODS OF MCD COLUMN DESIGN
Theta method of convergence – Kb method and the constant composition method – Application of the Theta method to complex columns and to system of columns – Lewis Matheson method –Stage and reflux requirements – Short cut methods and Simplified graphical procedures. UNIT V VARIOUS TYPES OF MCD COLUMNS
Design of sieve, bubble cap, valve trays and structured packing columns for multi component distillation – computation of plate efficiencies.
OUTCOME: Students able to design multicomponent distillation unit. They learn about various types of MCD column.
TEXT BOOKS: 1. Holland, C.D., “Fundamentals of Multi Component Distillation”, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1981 2. Van Winkle, “Distillation Operations”, McGraw Hill Publications, 1987. REFERENCES: 1. King, C.J., “Separation Process Principles”, Mc Graw Publications, 1986. 2. Treybal, R.E., “Mass Ttransfer Operations”, 5th Edition, Mc Graw Hill publications. 1996. 3. Mc Cabe and Smith, J.C., Harriot, “Unit Operation of Chemical Engineering”, 6th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2001
PC6008 POLYMER TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE: Understand to compute molecular weight averages from the molecular weight distribution, Condensation polymerization and transition in polymers.
UNIT I INTRODUCTION
History of Macromolecules – structure of natural products like cellulose, rubber,proteins – concepts of macro molecules – Staudinger’s theory of macromolecules – difference between simple organic molecules and macromolecules.
UNIT II ADDITION POLYMERIZATION
Chemistry of Olefins and Dienes – double bonds – Chemistry of free radicals – monomers – functionality – Polymerization: Initiation – types of initiation – free radical polymerization – cationic polymerization – anionic polymerization – coordination polymerization – industrial polymerization – bulk, emulsion, suspension and solution polymerization techniques – Kinetics – Copolymerization concepts.
UNIT III CONDENSATION POLYMERIZATION
Simple condensation reactions – Extension of condensation reactions to polymer synthesis – functional group reactivity – polycondensation – kinetics of polycondensation- Carother’s equation – Linear polymers by polycondensation – Interfacial polymerization – crosslinked polymers by condensation – gel point.
UNIT IV MOLECULAR WEIGHTS OF POLYMERS
Difference in molecular weights between simple molecules and polymers – number average and weight average molecular weights – Degree of polymerization and molecular weight – molecular weight distribution – Polydispersity – molecular weight determination. Different methods – Gel Permeation Chromatography – Osmometry, Light Scattering.
UNIT V TRANSITIONS IN POLYMERS
First and second order transitions – Glass transition, Tg – multiple transitions in polymers – experimental study – significance of transition temperatures – crystallinity in polymers – effect of crystallization – in polymers – factors affecting crystallization crystal nucleation and growth – relationship between Tg and Tm – Relationship between properties and crystalline structure.
TOTAL : 45 PERIODS OUTCOME: Student should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding the principles related to the synthesis and characterization of polymers.
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Billmeyer.F.W.,Jr, Text Book of Polymer Science, Ed. Wiley-Interscience, 1984. 2. Seymour.R.B., and Carraher.C.E., Jr., Polymer Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Marcel Dekker, 1988.
3. Gowariker.V.T., Viswanathan.N.V., and Sreedar.J., Polymer Science, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1988. REFERENCES: 1. Joel,R.F; Polymer Science and Technology, Eastern Economy Edition, 1999. 2. Rodriguez, F., Cohen.C., Oberic.K and Arches, L.A., Principles of Polymer Systems, 5th edition, Taylor an
